The invention relates to the field of safety monitoring of major civil engineering structures and nuclear safety, specifically relates to a method for evaluating the overall performance of a containment vessel of a nuclear power plant based on a distributed sensing technology. The method comprises the following steps: laying sensing optical fibers on the containment vessel; acquiring a true strainvalue and a radial displacement value of a cylinder; obtaining a theoretical strain value and a radial displacement value of the cylinder; evaluating performance of the containment vessel; and judging whether the containment vessel meets an overall strength requirement. The method for evaluating the overall performance of the containment vessel of the nuclear power plant based on the distributedsensing technology can still perform the overall performance evaluation even in an event of a failure of a vibrating wire sensor pre-buried in the containment vessel structure, has innovative points and advantages of multi-area laying, long distance, rich data, and capable of eliminating an accidental error of the local position., can meet the needs of existing pre-buried strain monitoring sensorssupplementation and the needs of upgrading and transformation before the failure, and ensures the long-life operation of the nuclear power plant.