The invention discloses an efficient polishing device for machining of bearings. The polishing device comprises a box body and polishing heads, a partition plate is arranged in an inner cavity of thebox body, a motor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body, an output end of the motor penetrates through the partition plate and is fixedly connected with a first placement plate, a bearing body is arranged on the top of the first placement plate, and rotating rods are movably connected to the two sides of the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body through the bearings respectively. Through arrangement of the partition plate, the motor, the first placing plate, the bearing body, the rotating rods, second placement plates, a first gear, a second gear, an automatic retractable rod and a clamping plate, the problem that the work efficiency of existing polishing devices for machining of the bearings is low is solved. The efficient polishing device for machining of the bearings has the advantage of high work efficiency, the practicality is improved, the cost of an enterprise is reduced, the work intensity of workers is reduced, and convenience is providedfor people during use.