The invention provides a device and method for efficiently preparing superfine spherical metal powder by a droplet-by-drop centrifugal atomization method. The device comprises a shell, a crucible arranged in the shell and a powder collecting area arranged in the shell. The device and method for efficiently preparing the superfine spherical metal powder by the droplet-by-drop centrifugal atomization method is characterized in that a rotary table arranged in the powder collecting area is of an inlay type structure, a base body part of the rotary table is made of selected materials with poorer thermal conductivity, metal materials with an wetting angle of a liquid drop less than 90 degrees are selected to be inlayed into a main body part to be used as an atomization plane of the rotary table,a concentric circle groove is formed in the atomization plane, and an air hole is formed in the rotary table. According to the method for efficiently preparing the superfine spherical metal powder bythe droplet-by-drop centrifugal atomization method, two methods of a uniform liquid drop injection method and the centrifugal atomization method are mainly combined, a traditional metal disintegration mode is broken through, so that fibrous division of molten metal appears, the superfine spherical metal powder with a narrow particle size distribution interval, high globular degree, good liquidity, good spread-ability, a uniform and controllable size and has no satellite droplets can be efficiently prepared, and the method for efficiently preparing the superfine spherical metal powder by the droplet-by-drop centrifugal atomization method is suitable for industrial production.