An on-line anti-icing control method for an insulating material embedded self-melting conductor is provided. The method is carried out on the on-line monitoring equipment of self-melting ice conductor. The on-line monitoring equipment includes an on-site conductor sensing device and a simulated conductor monitoring system. The simulated conductor monitoring system includes simulated self-made thermal conductor, simulated conductor microprocessor and program-controlled load. The self-made thermal conductors used for simulating self-made thermal conductors and overhead transmission lines are self-melting conductors with the same structure embedded in insulating materials. The On-line anti-icing control collects data, measures compensation current, measures control number Dsb of insulation switch, calculates insulation current Ib and anti-icing current If of transmission line by using analog conductor monitoring system of monitoring equipment; at the same time, the correction factor a andthe control number of anti-icing switch are controlled, and the on-line control deviation coefficient b is used to control the on-line anti-icing precision of the self-melting conductor. The invention fully utilizes the on-line monitoring equipment to carry out deep-level accurate control on the on-line ice prevention of the overhead transmission line and greatly improves the ice prevention effect, so that that anti-ice technology is easy to popularize.