The invention discloses a rail traffic vehicle with a gearbox. The rail traffic vehicle structurally comprises a joint frame, an intelligent movable adjusting and pressurizing device, a device shell,a matching frame, an illuminating lamp, a tempered window, a cabin door and a roller frame, wherein the intelligent movable adjusting and pressurizing device is located on the front side end face of the joint frame and is fixedly connected with the joint frame into an integrated structure, the device shell is arranged on the front end face of the joint frame and is fixedly connected with the jointframe, and the matching frame is perpendicular to the upper side surface of the device shell and is welded together to the upper side surface of the device shell. The illuminating lamp is embedded into the front surface of the device shell and is connected with the front surface of the device shell in a matched mode, and the tempered window is arranged on the front end face of the device shell and are mechanically connected together with the device shell. When an engine usually used in the vehicle burns fuel, internal gas entering can be accelerated through matching of a large wheel and a small wheel in the gearbox during exhausting of waste gas, internal gas can be filtered more thoroughly by pressurizing the internal gas when the internal gas passes through a filter screen, and meanwhile, the filter screen can be cleaned.