The invention discloses a high-heat-conductivity long-life blast furnace hearth and further provides a brick lining building method of the high-heat-conductivity long-life blast furnace hearth. The high-heat-conductivity long-life blast furnace hearth comprises a furnace shell, a cooling wall and brick linings which are arranged sequentially from outside to inside. On the lower portion of the hearth, the lower-middle portion of the hearth, the middle of the hearth, the upper-middle portion of the hearth and the upper portion of the hearth, the brick linings comprise small-block carbon bricks,carbon ramming material layers and large-block carbon bricks which are arranged sequentially; and at the top of the hearth, the brick linings are formed by building a plurality of small-block carbon bricks. According to the high-heat-conductivity long-life blast furnace hearth, cracking of the hearth brick linings due to thermal stress and erosion damage caused by harmful elements through cracks can be avoided, circulation erosion of molten iron can be further resisted effectively, thus the erosion damage to the hearth is relieved, and the service life of a blast furnace is prolonged.