The invention discloses a data center optical communication dispersion estimation and management method based on deep learning. The equalizer based on artificial neural network is divided into two phases. In the first phase, the artificial neural network is trained with the impulse response data of optical channel, and the model parameters of artificial neural network are optimized, and the nonlinear response model of artificial neural network is established. In the second stage, the trained artificial neural network equalizer is used to process the transmission data of the optical channel, soas to realize the estimation and compensation of the dispersion of the optical channel. The simulation results show that the equalizer based on artificial neural network improves the optical signal-to-noise ratio of optical communication and prolongs the transmission distance of optical communication.