The invention discloses a detection and analysis method for coating of a neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet material, and relates to the technical field of detection and analysis methods for coatings of iron-boron permanent magnet materials. The detection and analysis method comprises the following steps of: obtaining a coating sample of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet material and weighing a weight thereof which is M; performing a high-temperature treatment at 400-550 DEG C on the coating sample of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet material; heating to 600-800 DEG C undera vacuum degree of 1-10 Pa, and performing a dehydrogenation treatment on the coating sample of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet material to obtain a powder material; performing a staged temperature raising on the powder, then inflating and cooling rapidly, and obtaining a composition of the coating of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet material according to metal obtained at different temperatures and calculating a proportion of metal. According to the method, the composition and proportion of the coating alloy are detected in a high-temperature calciner through different metal boiling points in the alloy after the coating sample of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet material is melted and subjected to the dehydrogenation treatment, so that industrial recycling andcomponent detection of the coating of the neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet material are facilitated, energy is saved, and heavy metal pollution is reduced.