A wall structure for fixing external wall composite thermal insulation template is disclosed. A composite thermal insulation template is arranged on an outer side of the structure while a steel bar structure for concrete pouring is arranged on an inner side; in the steel bar structure for concrete pouring, an I-shape limiting device is arranged between longitudinal steel bars in an erected manner,the I-shape limiting device comprises a limiting column and positioning rods positioned on two ends of the limiting column, each of a head end and a tail end of the limiting column is provided with agroup of positioning rods, nylon riveting members are arranged in an open pore of the composite thermal insulation template in a penetrating manner, the nylon riveting members run through gaps between the positioning rods and are locked via screw nuts, and therefore the I-shape limiting device and the composite thermal insulation template are fixed; one end of each nylon riveting member is a positioning disc, a middle segment is provided with an external screw thread, and a center is a via hole. The thermal insulation template is fixed on the I-shaped limiting device via the nylon riveting members and therefore is directly connected with a steel bar wall body, and wall surface thickness and flatness of each template can be accurately controlled before cement is completely solidified. After concrete pouring, the nylon riveting members are firmly connected to a concrete wall, the external thermal insulation template is poured in the concrete wall, and that the external thermal insulation template is permanently fixed to the wall can be ensured.