The invention discloses a storage and transportation box of a medical human body specimen. The storage and transportation box comprises a storage and transportation box body, a specimen storage box with a refrigerating function is arranged inside the storage and transportation box body, a head end buffering mechanism is arranged on one side below the specimen storage box, and a tail end bufferingmechanism is arranged on the other side below the specimen storage box; and a head end magnetic locking mechanism used for connecting a head end supporting plate and the specimen storage box is arranged on the head end supporting plate, and a tail end magnetic locking mechanism used for locking a tail end supporting plate is arranged on one side of the tail end buffering mechanism. The storage andtransportation box is simple in structure and capable of effectively avoiding damage caused by fierce collision in a carrying and transportation processes of the human body specimen, and exhibition and research on the specimen by people is facilitated.