The invention belongs to the technical field of electric towers, and particularly relates to a machining method of a low-cost high-toughness composite rod tower. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, moso bamboo treatment; secondly, first wrapping layer machining; thirdly, first winding layer machining; fourthly, second winding layer machining; fifthly, second wrapping layer machining; sixthly, reinforcement glue layer machining; and seventhly, outer protection sleeve layer machining. Shortcomings in the prior art can be overcome, moso bamboo subjected to high-temperature treatment is adopted to serve as a middle carrier, the outer portion of the middle carrier is sequentially provided with a first wrapping layer, a first winding layer, a second winding layer, a second wrapping layer, the reinforcement glue layer and the outer protection sleeve layer, the good mechanical property and the anti-corrosion anti-moth capacity are achieved, and the method has the beneficial effects of being convenient to machine, low in cost and wide in application range.