The invention discloses a pantograph sliding plate abrasion detection device, which comprises a pantograph sliding plate, wherein the upper ends of the front and back side surfaces of the pantograph sliding plate are slidably provided with a conductive detection strip with the upper surface being flush with the upper surface of the pantograph sliding plate, the outer surface of the conductive detection strip is coated with insulating paint; and the lower ends of the front and back side surfaces of the pantograph sliding plate are vertically and fixedly provided with a push rod motor with the push rod head being fixedly connected with the conductive detection strip. The beneficial effects lie in that the pantograph sliding plate abrasion detection device and method disclosed by the invention can replace manual work to perform abrasion detection on the pantograph sliding plate, the detection speed is high, the efficiency is high, the detection effect is good, missed detection is not easyto occur, the labor cost is effectively reduced, and the practicability is good.