The invention discloses a method for preparing a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound based on a metal hydride/palladium compound system. The method comprises the following steps: making a palladium compound and metal hydride suspend in a solvent under the protection of nitrogen; then adding an electron-deficient alkene compound for reacting at the temperature of 0 to 100 DEG C for 0.3 to 10 hours; the addinga saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution for terminating the reaction; then performing extraction, drying by distillation and column chromatography purification to obtain a product of 1,3-dicarbonyl compound. The hydride and palladium compound catalysts used in the invention are readily-available reagents in a laboratory. Compared with the common hydrogen hydrogenating method, the method hasthe advantages of greater easiness in operation, higher security, mild conditions and high reaction yield.