The invention provides a sample testing device and method based on a protein chip. An X-directional washing plate guide rail strides across an incubation unit; an X-directional washing plate motor isarranged at one end of the X-directional washing plate guide rail and is connected to an X-directional washing plate synchronous belt; the X-directional washing plate synchronous belt is arranged above the X-directional washing plate guide rail and is connected to a synchronous belt connecting block; the synchronous belt connecting block is connected to an X-directional washing plate sliding block; the X-directional washing plate sliding block is connected to the X-directional washing plate guide rail and moves linearly along the X-directional washing plate guide rail; a Z-directional motor support is connected to the upper end of the X-directional washing plate sliding block; a Z-directional washing plate motor is connected to a Z-directional motor support; a Z-directional washing plate guide rail is connected to the side of the Z-directional motor support; a lifting seat is connected to the Z-directional washing plate guide rail through a Z-directional washing plate sliding block; ahanging plate is connected to the upper end of the lifting seat and extends above the incubation unit; a washing plate head is connected to the side of the hanging plate; and washing plate needles areconnected to the lower end of the washing plate head and are distributed above the incubation unit. The sample testing device improves the testing accuracy and efficiency, has stable performances andis convenient to operate.