The invention discloses a device and method for preparing a double-surface oriented nanofiber membrane by electrospinning. The device is composed of a driving motor, a driving motor speed regulator, arotary support rod, a support piece fixing groove, a support piece and an electrode plate. The support piece fixing groove is used for fixing the support piece and is adjustable in fixing positions.The electrode plate is arranged right under the bearing piece and larger than the bearing piece in area. The axis of the bearing piece and the axis of the rotary support rod are located on the same horizontal line. The method comprises the following steps: preparing spinning liquid; performing electrospinning with the liquid and obtaining oriented nanofibers with a self-made receiving device; ultimately, soaking the acquired nanofiber membrane into ethyl alcohol and drying the ethyl alcohol in order to acquire the oriented nanofiber membrane. The preparation method is featured by being simpleand highly-efficient. The oriented nanofiber membrane with certain height is acquired. By taking off the receiving device, the oriented nanofiber membrane can be directly used as a cell cultivation support. The device and method for preparing a double-surface oriented nanofiber membrane by electrospinning enjoy a promising application prospect in the field of biomedical engineering.