The invention discloses an electrolyte for electrolytic refining of crude lead and an electrolytic method. The electrolyte for electrolytic refining of the crude lead is a lead acetate-acetic acid system, wherein the concentration of Pb < 2 + > is 10-200 g/L, and the concentration of free acetic acid is 10-200 g/L; the invention further comprises an electrolytic method for carrying out crude leadelectrolysis refining by using the electrolyte, when in electrolysis, a fence-shaped polar plate obtained by casting rough lead is taken as an anode, a stainless steel or lead starting sheet is used as a cathode; crude lead electrolysis refining is carried out under a certain pulse current, the crude lead electrolysis is used for producing cathode lead and anode slime correspondingly; a national standard 1 # lead ingot is obtained after the cathode lead is fused and casted; and the anode slime is sent to a noble metal extraction process to be processed after the anode slime is subjected to washing and pressure filtration. According to the method, an acetic acid-lead acetate solution system is adopted as the electrolyte to carry out pulse electrolytic refining, so that the method has the characteristic of remarkable environmental protection advantage.