The invention discloses a carbon-silicon collophanite cation reverse flotation desilication method based on foam adjustment and control. The method comprises the following steps that (1), decarbonization floatation are carried out, wherein wet-process ore grinding is carried out on the carbon-silicon collophanite raw ore, then water is added for size mixing, a foaming agent is added, stirring is carried out, air inflation flotation is carried out, the flotation froth is used as tailings for tail-escaping, and decarburized flotation ore pulp is obtained; (2), desliming floatation is carried out, wherein rotational flow grading desliming is firstly carried out, the overflow part is used as the tailings for tail-escaping, a collecting agent is added into the underflow, stirring is carried out, air inflation flotation is carried out, the flotation froth is used as tailings for tail-escaping, and desliming flotation ore pulp is obtained; and (3), desiliconization reverse flotation is carried out, wherein the pH value is adjusted, then the collecting agent is added firstly, stirring is carried out, then a defoaming agent is added, then stirring is carried out, air inflation floatation iscarried out, scavenging is carried out on flotation froth, scavenging is carried out on the tailings for tail-escaping, and the phosphorus concentrate ore pulp is obtained. According to the method, the viscosity and the stability of the foam are effectively reduced, the brittleness of the foam is increased, the defoaming efficiency is larger than or equal to 81%, the foam dynamic stability coefficient is less than or equal to 0.25min; and the phosphorus concentrate obtained after defoaming through the method is high in grade and few in impurities.