The invention discloses a rapid photothermal heating-based high pressure reaction tank. The rapid photothermal heating-based high pressure reaction tank comprises a reaction tank seat, the top of thereaction tank seat is connected with a reaction tank cover, the reaction tank cover is provided with light source projection windows, a reaction chamber is formed between the reaction tank seat and the reaction tank cover, the reaction tank seat is circumferentially provided with a gas inlet chamber, a gas outlet chamber is also arranged in the reaction tank seat, a sample cell is fixed in the reaction chamber, the gas inlet chamber is symmetrically provided with gas inlets, every gas inlet is connected with a gas intake flow control mechanism, gas inlet channels are symmetrically connected between the gas inlet chamber and the reaction chamber, the bottom of the sample cell is connected with an outlet gas buffering mechanism, the outlet gas buffering mechanism is positioned in the gas outlet chamber, and the outlet gas buffering mechanism is connected with an outlet gas pressure control mechanism; a temperature detection mechanism and a pressure detection mechanism are arranged in thereaction chamber; and an inlet gas flowing stabilizing mechanism is arranged in the gas inlet chamber. The rapid photothermal heating-based high pressure reaction tank meets reaction experiment requirements of a high-pressure atmosphere in a rapid photothermal heating- manner, and fills in a gap in a photothermal high pressure reactor.