The invention discloses a large bury depth cavern extrusion surrounding rock large deformation discrimination method which can quickly and reliably predict large deformation of the calculation point of the deep buried cavern engineering surrounding rock. The method comprises the steps that the in-situ ground stress test is performed and the lateral pressure coefficient lambda and the maximum principal stress value sigma0max are acquired; the rock core is drilled and processed into the cylindrical rock sample; the uniaxial compression test is performed on the rock sample so as to acquire the rock uniaxial compressive strength sigmac under the natural water content; the self-weight stress field is calculated according to the stress environment of the underground cavern or the rock strength-to-stress ratio SSR under the stress field is constructed; and occurrence of surrounding rock extrusion large deformation is judged according to the acquired self-weight stress field or the rock strength-to-stress ratio SSR under the constructed stress field. The method is used for judgment and prediction of large bury depth cavern surrounding rock extrusion large deformation and can be used for stability evaluation of the bury depth cavern and optimization of the permanent support design.