The invention discloses a quick damming method adopting fine-grained tailings and high-concentration non-separation tailings, and relates to the technical field of tailing pond construction. The damming method comprises the steps that a special geocell is adopted as a damming grid framework, combined with drainage facilities and hydraulic filling and ore drawing arrangement, the damming grid frameworks with different sizes are arranged in a dam in layers to form an integral three-dimensional network structure, and drainage pipe network systems with different intervals are arranged in the dam,so that fine-grained tailings are effectively drained and consolidated through the drainage facilities to form a dam structure with high stability; and in addition, the fine-grained tailings in a pondare used for damming, the transportation and use of additional damming materials are reduced, the project investment is effectively reduced, the use of materials, such as soil or waste rock, outsidethe pond is greatly saved, and land resources and the ecological environment are protected. Therefore, by adopting the quick damming method, the safe operation of the tailing pond is promoted, the damming efficiency is improved, and the energy is saved and the consumption is reduced.