The invention discloses a preparation method of an ABS nanowire material used for 3D printing. The method comprises the following steps: firstly preparing cellulose from plant fiber powder by using analkali treatment method, preparing nano microcrystalline cellulose by adopting a method of hydrolyzing the cellulose by using sulfuric acid, performing hydrolytic condensation by adopting a sol-gel method and using tetraethyl orthosilicate as a precursor under the action of ammonia water in a mixed solvent of water and ethanol to form SiO2 sol, enabling the SiO2 sol to be deposited and grow on the surface of nanocellulose to prepare an organic-inorganic hybrid material with good heat stability, and performing melt blending extrusion on the hybrid material as a nano filler and ABS plastic to prepare the novel wire material for the 3D printing. The wire material provided by the invention has stable performance, good mechanical properties, a small warpage shrinkage rate, higher economic value and broad market environments.