The invention discloses a graphene-containing graphene/ceramic conductive composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of preparation of conductive materials. The preparation method mainly comprises the following steps: preparation of a graphite skeleton, strengthening treatment of the skeleton, preparation of a ceramic slurry, casting and drying of graphite/ceramic, and sintering. The graphite/ceramic conductive composite material prepared through the method is prepared by directly controlling composition components and the size structure of the graphite and improving the strengthening post-treatment of the conductive performance of the graphite skeleton, the sintering process and the drying process. The addition of graphene improves the internal loose porous structure problem of the graphite skeleton, increases conductive pathways, improves the strength of the graphite skeleton, and improves the conductive performance of the material while ensuring mechanical performances. The graphite/ceramic composite material has the conductive performance of the graphite, and also has the structure characteristics of ceramic.