The invention discloses a cathode for aluminum electrolysis and an aluminum electrolysis cell. The cathode comprises a body, wherein a plurality of grooves which are arranged in a mutually parallel mode are formed in a surface, which is in contact with molten aluminum, of the body; an angle of climb of each groove is not smaller than 90 degrees; width of each groove is 1-500 microns; depth of eachgroove is 1-500 microns; a ratio of the depth of each groove to the width of each groove is greater than 0 and smaller than 0.3; spacing between every two adjacent grooves is 1-500 microns; and a ratio of the spacing between every two adjacent grooves to the width of each groove is greater than 0 and smaller than 0.3. The shapes and the dimensions of the grooves in the surface of the cathode forthe aluminum electrolysis cell are reasonably set, a wetting state, on the surface of the cathode, of the molten aluminum is a Wenzel wet state, a contact area between the molten aluminum and the surface of the cathode of the aluminum electrolysis cell is remarkably increased, and contact pressure drop between the molten aluminum and the cathode is reduced; and meanwhile, fluctuations of the molten aluminum in the electrolysis cell further can be reduced, stable operation of the electrolysis cell is facilitated, and energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized.