The invention discloses a water pipe path monitoring system in a large community and a path programming method. The monitoring system comprises a plurality of water pressure detecting devices. Each water pressure detecting device comprises a speed measuring module, a water pressure monitoring module, a booster pump control module for controlling water pressure, and a processor which processes dataand uploads the processed data to a central computer through a communication module, and furthermore the communication module processes the received command of the central computer and transmits theprocessed command to the booster pump control module. The booster pump control module can control the corresponding water pressure. After the central computer calculates a path, nodes in the path aresuccessively listed according to a sequence from a starting point to a terminal point. Then the node information is transmitted to the booster pump control module. The booster pump control module starts or stops the booster pump control module, thereby realizing automatic water pressure controlling.