The invention relates to an asynchronous and synchronous hybrid switching magnetic actuator, comprising an active rotor assembly, a driven rotor assembly, an input shaft and an output shaft; the active rotor assembly comprises a copper disk, a ferromagnetic input end cover, a second permanent magnetic disk, a non-ferromagnetic input end cover and a connecting plate. The copper plate is fixed on the inner side wall of the ferromagnetic input end cover, the second permanent magnetic disk is fixed on the inner side wall of the non-ferromagnetic input end cover, and an air gap space is formed between the copper disk and the second permanent magnetic disk; the driven rotor assembly is disposed in the air gap space; and an air gap adjusting assembly for driving the driven rotor assembly and theoutput shaft to perform lateral reciprocating linear motion in the air gap space is also included. The magnetic actuator provided by the invention integrates the "asynchronous" function and the "synchronous" function, and uses the air gap adjusting assembly to drive the driven rotor assembly to move left and right in the air gap space, thereby realizing switching of the asynchronous and synchronous functions in the transmission system.