The invention discloses a multi-physics coupling oil-paper insulation partial discharge detection system based on a high-frequency method. The system is mainly composed of a multi-physics coupling oil-paper insulation partial discharge module, a high-frequency signal analysis module, a signal transmission module and a host display module. The multi-physics coupled oil-paper insulation partial discharge module comprises a DC power source, a harmonic power source, a voltage regulating unit and a simulated partial discharge device. The output end of the DC power source and the output end of the harmonic power source are connected to the input ends of the voltage regulating unit. The output end of the voltage regulating unit is connected to an input end of the simulated partial discharge device. The output end of the simulated partial discharge device is connected to the input end of the high-frequency signal analysis module. The output end of the signal transmission module is connected tothe input end of the host display module. The multi-physics coupling oil-paper insulation partial discharge detection system can realize accurate signal capture and ensure safe and reliable operationby wirelessly transmitting an acquisition result to a data analysis unit.