The invention provides a parallel construction system for a shaft tower pile foundation and freezing hole boring and a parallel construction method. The parallel construction system comprises a freezing hole boring system and a shaft tower pile foundation system, wherein the freezing hole boring system is arranged on a ground foundation and comprises a freezing system, and the freezing system comprises freezing pipes and is used for forming a frozen soil layer on the periphery of a pipe curtain formed by the multiple freezing pipes; the shaft tower pile foundation system is located on the outer side of the freezing hole boring system and comprises a second drilling system which is used for forming uniform pile foundation holes in the outer sides of freezing holes. The shaft tower pile foundation system and the freezing hole boring system are arranged in parallel, drilling is performed on the shaft tower pile foundation, and simultaneous construction of punching of the freezing holes and mounting of the freezing pipes can be realized during casting; the problems of long time of construction days and increased cost of the conventional multiple procedures in the aspect of technical requirements are solved, the system and the method are important components of safe and efficient coal mine shaft building and have remarkable social and economic benefits.