The invention provides a vehicle emergency steering system. The system comprises a first steering cylinder, a first steering control component connected with the first steering cylinder, and a first main pump and further comprises a priority valve and a first emergency special pipeline, an input port of the priority valve communicates with an output port of the first main pump through a first connecting channel, a priority port of the priority valve communicates with the first emergency special pipeline through a second connecting channel, a bypass port of the priority valve communicates withthe first steering control component through a third connecting channel, the first emergency special pipeline is used for communicating with a second emergency special pipeline of an accident vehicle,and the second emergency special pipeline communicates with a second steering control component of the accident vehicle. When the accident vehicle needs to steer, the priority port of the priority valve communicates with the input port, and a compression medium generated by the first main pump sequentially flows through the first connecting channel, the priority valve, the first emergency specialpipeline and the second emergency special pipeline and enters the second steering control component of the accident vehicle.