The invention relates to a novel tree-like nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane having ten branch holes. Many uniformly distributed tree-like structure cylindrical through holes are formed in athin solid material (1), each tree-like structure through hole comprises a trunk hole (2) having a large diameter and three small branch holes having the same diameter and length, the three branch holes are parallel to the trunk hole (2) thereof and completely communicated with the main trunk hole, and the material of the surface of the trunk hole is the same as that of surfaces of the three branch holes; each branch hole is a filter hole, the diameter of each branch hole is positioned at a nanometer scale, and the length of the branch hole is determined according to filter hole strength requirements; due to the radius of the trunk hole (2), the infiltration capacity of the filter membrane is the highest, and the thickness of the solid material (1) is determined according to mechanical strength requirements; the solid material (1) is the filter membrane disclosed by the invention. The filter membrane disclosed by the invention achieves excellent performances in filter capacity, infiltration capacity and mechanical strength, and has important application value in ultrafine filtration of water, blood and the like.