The invention discloses an extended black-start scheme bi-level programming optimization method capable of improving the safety of a recovery process, provides a new idea for the recovery control of an initial stage after blackout, enables the safety factors affecting the recovery process to be introduced to an optimization target so as to improve the safety of an extended black-start scheme in anactual recovery process, gives consideration to the main-slave logic relation between unit recovery and path recovery, and achieves the building of an extended black-start scheme bi-level programmingoptimization model. The upper level optimization takes the maximum comprehensive efficiency of the scheme under the safety condition as the target, and a decision making variable is a started unit. The lower level optimization takes the solving of a recovery path, which contains a key path, is high in recovery safety and gives consideration to the recovery of an important load, as the target, anda decision making variable is a to-be-recovered path. A hybrid algorithm which combines an improved bacterial foraging algorithm with a shortest path method based on a Dijkstra algorithm is employedfor solving the model. The recovery process is higher in safety, the recovery effect is improved, and the method has the practical engineering application value.