The invention relates to a field emission self-focusing pulsed X-ray generating device integrated with a high-voltage power supply. The field emission self-focusing pulsed X-ray generating device is composed of an X-ray generating part and a high voltage generator, and connection relations of the X-ray generating part and the high voltage generator are as follows: a positive pole of the high voltage generator is connected with an anode of the X-ray generating part, and a negative pole of the high voltage generator is connected with a cathode of the X-ray generating part; the X-ray generating part adopts a diode structure based on a carbon nanotube field emission device and comprises a cathode of the X-ray generating part and an anode of the X-ray generating part; the carbon nanotube fieldemission device is taken as the cathode of the X-ray generating part; the high voltage generator comprises a control circuit, a transformer and a high voltage coupling circuit; the high voltage generator is powered up by an external low voltage direct current power supply; the transformer adopts a high-turns-ratio boosting transformer; a primary coil of the transformer is connected with a controlcircuit, and a secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the cathode of the X-ray generating part and the anode of the X-ray generating part by virtue of a coupling circuit; and the couplingcircuit is composed of a rectifier diode and a coupling capacitor.