The invention provides a porous material structure having negative Poisson's ratios in partial directions. The porous material structure comprises a multi-layered network structure which is sequentially stacked in parallel along the Z-axis direction, the adjacent upper and lower network structures are connected by a support ligament and each layer of the network structure extends along the XOY plane. The porous material structure eliminates the tensile-shear coupling effect of the two-dimensional substructure on the XOY plane during deformation, so that the constitutive relationship of the three-dimensional structure is normally orthogonal under normal conditions so that design and analysis are convenient. By adjusting the geometrical dimensions, the structure can not only achieve isotropy, but also has a large change range of Poisson's ratios in three directions so that the choice of practical applications is increased.