The invention relates to a rare earth-organic porous material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in the detection of nerve disease marker glutamic acid. Through the technical scheme, the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving Ln(NO3)3.6H2O, hydroxyterephthalic acid and 2-fluorobenzoic acid into a mixed solution of an organic solvent, water and nitric acid;sealing after ultrasonic uniformity, putting the mixture in a baking oven at the temperature of 110 DEG C for 3 d; naturally cooling to room temperature, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the rare earth-organic porous material. The rare earth-organic porous material prepared in the invention has obvious fluorescent response to the nerve disease marker glutamic acid, rare earth luminescence is taken as an interior label, the luminescence of organic molecules is taken as a detection signal, high-selective detection for glutamic acid can be realized, and then the material can be used for early prevention and diagnosis of nerve diseases.