The invention discloses an anti-asphaltene adhering coating with controllable thickness precision and a preparation method of the anti-asphaltene adhering coating. The invention provides a supermolecule multi-layer composite membrane which comprises amphiphilic dendritic polymer layers of formula I shown in the specification and anionic polyelectrolyte layers which are alternatively overlapped; inthe formula I, X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; n is any natural number within 12-16. By constructing a multi-layer structure of amphiphilic dendritic polymers and sodium polystyrenesulfonate on a substrate, an anti-asphaltene adhering coating with good effects can be prepared on an electrified substrate; since the two materials are both electrified materials, good adsorption layers can be formed on the electrified substrate, and furthermore adhesion of asphaltene can be prevented under the action of electrostatic repulsion; in addition, by adopting the method, the thickness of thecoating can be controlled by controlling the layer quantity of the multi-layer structure, and the method is an anti-asphaltene adhering coating preparation method with controllable thickness precision.