The invention discloses a hydraulic climbing protection device for high-rise building construction. The hydraulic climbing protection device structurally comprises a controller, a pedal plate, two folding rods, hydraulic oil cylinders, a base, two supporting rods, a movable shaft, an overvoltage protection device, a motor, a connecting cable and oil cylinder fixing frames. The two folding rods areparallel mutually, and the two ends of the folding rods are welded to the pedal plate and the base correspondingly; the two supporting rods are parallel mutually, and the two ends of the supporting rods are welded to the pedal plate and the base correspondingly; the controller is electrically connected with the connecting cable; one ends of the hydraulic oil cylinders are mounted on the base andare in interference fit with the base, the other ends of the hydraulic oil cylinders are embedded inside the oil cylinder fixing frames and are in interference fit with the oil cylinder fixing frames;and the movable shaft penetrates through the middles of the supporting rods and is in threaded connection with the middles of the folding rods. The hydraulic climbing protection device is structurally provided with the overvoltage protection device so that in use, a power source can be switched off timely under the situation that the voltage of the device is overlarge, accordingly, the device ispowered off, the burnout situation is prevented, using safety is high, and the life is long.