The invention discloses an ecological and environmental warning system and method based on laser radar and deep learning path optimization. The system comprises an ecological and environmental warningboat and a bank-based server, wherein the ecological and environmental warning boat comprises a core control module, a sailing drive module, a water quality detection module, an intelligent obstacleavoidance evidence module, a communication module and a power module; the bank-based server comprises a data analysis module and a route planning module; the bank-based server is used for checking theposition of the ecological and environmental warning boat, receiving and analyzing data passed back by the ecological and environmental warning boat, planning the path of the ecological and environmental warning boat and predicting a central position of the pollution source according to multi-point data; the ecological and environmental warning boat completes water quality monitoring and samplingunder the optimal path and treats slight pollution on premise of performing data analysis and path planning by the bank-based server. The problems that the traditional water quality monitoring is greatly limited by the environment, the sampling period is long, much money is spent and the like can be accurately solved, and application of artificial intelligence in an aspect of improving the ecological environment is really realized.