Embodiments of the present invention provide a cloud-based vehicle fault diagnosis method. The cloud-based vehicle fault diagnosis method includes: receiving monitoring data uploaded by a vehicle; extracting eigenvectors of the monitoring data from the monitoring data; storing the eigenvectors of the monitoring data based on classification by using, as a label, a part or a functional system of the vehicle from which the monitoring data comes; and performing, based on a support vector machine algorithm, fault diagnosis in parallel on the eigenvectors stored based on the classification. According to technical solutions of the present invention, fault diagnosis can be performed in parallel, based on the support vector machine algorithm, on eigenvectors extracted from monitoring data of different parts or functional systems. Therefore, a diagnosis time can be shortened, and different data can be prevented from affecting each other during data transfer, thereby improving fault diagnosis accuracy.