A bag-shaped filling structure for an underground coal mine and a use method therefor. The bag-shaped filling structure for an underground coal mine comprises a truss beam wall (3), a surface sealing layer of a bag-shaped structure, and a bottom structure (4); the truss beam wall (3) is formed by stacking truss beam frames, the truss beam frame is formed by connecting, end-to-end, truss beam assemblies (2) having four identical sides, and each row of truss beam assemblies (2) is formed by connecting a plurality of truss beam elements (1) side by side; the truss beam wall (3) is fixedly connected between an inner surface sealing layer (7) and an outer surface sealing layer (8) of the surface sealing layer of a bag-shaped structure, and is mounted on the bottom structure (4).