A high-rise escape backpack (100), relating to the technical field of high-rise escape tools and comprising a backpack body (200) and a high-rise escape descent control device (300). The high-rise escape descent control device (300) comprises a rope (320), a rope winding mechanism (340), and a speed change mechanism (360); the rope winding mechanism (340) comprises a frame (350) and a rope winding disc rotatably provided on the frame (350); the frame (350) is provided in the backpack body (200); the rope (320) is wound on the rope winding disc, with one end fixed onto the rope winding disc and the other end passing through the backpack body (200) to be connected to a fixing piece; the speed change mechanism (360) comprises a driving wheel (361) which moves synchronously with the rope winding disc and at least one speed reduction mechanism (370); each speed reduction mechanism (370) comprises a driven wheel (371) engaged with the driving wheel (361), a connecting shaft (372) provided on the driven wheel (371), a friction wheel (373), and a friction portion (374) for generating a friction force with the frame (350); the diameter of the driving wheel (361) is greater than that of the driven wheel (371); the friction wheel (373) is sleeved at the side of the connecting shaft away from the driven wheel (371); the friction portion (374) is located between the friction wheel (373) and the frame (350). The high-rise escape backpack can achieve safe and stable descending, more comfortable use, and the purpose of safe escape.