The invention relates to an ascending and descending adjustable building environment-friendly robot, which comprises a self-stabilizing support device, wherein the self-stabilizing support device has good rigid support performance, stability performance and shock absorption performance; the upper end surface of the self-stabilizing support device is symmetrically provided with four rigid ascending and descending support chains through screws; the rigid ascending and descending support chains have good height ascending and descending adjusting performance; a No.4 hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the middle part of the upper end surface of the self-stabilizing support device; cleaning mechanical hands are arranged on the top ends of the four rigid ascending and descending support chains and the No.4 hydraulic cylinder; the cleaning angle of each cleaning mechanical hand is adjustable; the application range is wide; the functions of automatically cleaning spider webs, dust and the like on a suspended ceiling and a ceiling board can be realized; and the cleaning mechanical hands are driven by the No.4 hydraulic cylinder under the height adjusting effect of the four rigid ascending and descending support chains to perform automatic cleaning on an indoor building. The ascending and descending adjustable building environment-friendly robot can realize has the advantages that the automatic cleaning function on the indoor building can be realized, and a novel path for automatically cleaning the indoor building is provided.