The invention discloses a space sampling target positioning method and system. The method comprises the following steps of: obtaining influence factors of a sampling object and categories of the influence factors; carrying out an orthogonal text by taking the number of the influence factors of the sampling object as a column number of the orthogonal text and taking a number of the categories of the influence factors as a horizontal number of the orthogonal text, so as to obtain a target sampling rule, wherein the target sampling rule is expressed by an orthogonal table obtained via the orthogonal text; determining categories to which influence factors of pixels of the sampling object belong according to gray values of the pixels, wherein the sampling object comprises a plurality of pixels;screening the pixels according to the target sampling rule and the categories to which the influence factors of the pixels belong so as to obtain a target pixel; and determining a position of a spacesampling target according to a position of the target pixel. The space sampling target positioning method and system provided by the invention are capable of rapidly determining space positions of to-be-sampled sample points indoors, so as to realize rapid space sampling under complex sampling rules.