The invention discloses a mine access road plugging structure. The mine access road plugging structure comprises vertical columns, cross beams, anchor nets and geotechnical cloth, and a using method of the mine access road plugging structure comprises the steps of constructing of an outer side frame, tiling of the anchor nets filled with polyfoam, filing of an access road, opening sealing and thelike. The mine access road plugging structure and the using method thereof have the beneficial effects that the anchor nets are internally filled with the polyurethane polyfoam, fillers with the smallsize can be prevented from escaping from a plugging face, the outer side of the plugging face is kept clean and tidy, the polyurethane polyfoam has the good waterproof function, and the situation that a plugging structure is in a humid environment for a long time and is corroded is prevented; the anchor nets are internally filled with the polyfoam, the load-bearing capacity of the plugging structure can be increased, the single time plugging depth is extended, and the cost is saved; the geotechnical cloth on the most inner side of the mine access road plugging structure can further prevent the polyurethane polyfoam from being damaged by sharp objects; and the mine access road plugging structure is simple in structure and easy to construct, is applicable to the construction condition of the narrow and small space in a mine, and is convenient to popularize.