The invention provides a special steel production system. The special steel production system comprises raw material detection equipment, wherein the raw material detection equipment is connected withraw material feeding equipment which is connected with an electric arc furnace; the electric arc furnace is connected with a refining furnace which is connected with argon blowing and wire feeding equipment and a vacuum degassing furnace; the vacuum degassing furnace is connected with casting equipment which is connected with a finished product detection system. The invention further provides a special steel production method. The method comprises the following steps: raw material detection, primary melting, refining, vacuum degassing, casting and detection. With adoption of the special steelproduction system and method, radioactive substances and explosives in waste steel can be detected, safety of subsequent production is improved, purity of molten steel can be further improved, and special steel up to standards is produced.