The invention provides an AR (augmented reality) technique based lateral cerebral ventricle puncture surgery teaching tool, which comprises a brain tissue three-dimensional model library, a puncture surgical instrument three-dimensional model library, a recognition module, a puncture surgery teaching module and a puncture surgery operating module. The teaching tool has advantages that interactionof operations in the real world under a camera and a virtual puncture surgery environment in a computer is realized; users can systematically learn lateral cerebral ventricle puncture surgery throughthe teaching tool, hospital and school teaching cost can be sharply reduced, doctors and students can be repeatedly trained through the teaching tool, and the users taking along recognition tools andcomputers or mobile phones can be trained at any places.