The invention discloses a sucker rod centralizer liquid flow resistance test device and method and belongs to the oil field testing field. The device comprises a centrifugal pump and a driving motor connected with each other through a coupling; the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the centrifugal pump are communicated with a circulating fluid pool through a lower horizontal pipeline and an upper horizontal pipeline respectively; an electromagnetic flowmeter is arranged on the upper horizontal pipeline; a polymethyl methacrylate vertical pipeline, a horizontal output pipeline, and a vertical output pipeline are communicated with one another sequentially; the liquid inlet of the polymethyl methacrylate vertical pipeline is communicated with the upper horizontal pipeline; a sucker rod centralizer can be installed in the polymethyl methacrylate vertical pipeline; the sucker rod centralizer abuts against the upper end and the lower end of the polymethyl methacrylate vertical pipeline;the liquid output of the vertical output pipeline is communicated with the circulating liquid pool; a first pressure gauge and a first ball valve are both disposed at the liquid inlet of the polymethyl methacrylate vertical pipeline; a second pressure gauge and a second ball valve are both arranged on the horizontal output pipeline. The device is simple in structure and easy to operate, and can accurately measure the liquid flow resistance of the sucker rod centralizer.