The invention provides a chloroplast genome editing method and specifically provides nucleic acid constructs subjected to plant genome designated editing based on a CRISPR technology, a carrier or carrier composition, and a chloroplast genome designated editing method. The nucleic acid constructs comprise a nucleic acid construct shown in the formula I and/or a nucleic acid construct shown in theformula II. The nucleic acid construct shown in the formula I contains a chloroplast localization signal peptide-nuclease expression box. The nucleic acid construct shown in the formula II contains anncRNA-sgRNA expression box. Nuclease and the corresponding sgRNA are introduced into a chloroplast so that the gene knockout is simply and efficiently carried out at the designated chloroplast genomesite or the homologous recombination and directed insertion of the exogenous fragment are carried out. The method can be used for improving the crop characters in the chloroplast genome level.