The invention discloses a rotary-type anode furnace smoke collection device. The device comprises an anode furnace body (1), a rolling ring (7) and a furnace cover (11), the furnace cover is wrapped by an outer-layer smoke cover (3) and connected with the anode furnace body through a connector, and a front smoke collection box (5) is rotatably connected to the outer-layer smoke cover through one or more rotary connectors (4) and communicated with a back smoke collection box (8) through a smoke collection pipe (6); the smoke collection pipe penetrates through the rolling ring, a rotary smoke box (9) which is located on the end face of the anode furnace body is communicated with the back smoke collection box, and the axis of an output end of the rotary smoke box is concentric with that of the anode furnace body. The rotary-type anode furnace smoke collection device has the advantages that when the furnace body rotates, the whole smoke collection device can rotate along with the furnace body through the rotary smoke box, in this way, the outer-layer smoke cover can reach any angle which is allowed by the furnace body synchronously, escaping smoke is sucked at any time accordingly, andthe problem of a collection blind area of a traditional smoke cover is solved.