The invention discloses a feed system on the basis of an electron beam cold hearth. The feed system comprises a feed barrel, a scrap material feed system, an integral material feed system and a control system. The scrap material feed system and the integral material feed system are connected to the control system, and the scrap material feed system comprises a feed tank and a scrap material groove; the feed tank is arranged on the outer upper side of the feed barrel, and the scrap material groove is formed in the lower side of a feed inlet of the feed tank; the scrap material groove is formedin the feed barrel; the integral material feed system comprises a conveying device, a rotary device and a positioning mechanism; the rotary device is positioned at a discharge end of the feed barrel;the positioning mechanism is positioned at a feed end of the feed barrel, and the positioning mechanism and the conveying device are arranged on the same horizontal axis. The feed system has the advantages that the scrap material feed system and the integral material feed system are integrally designed and are provided with corresponding feed control systems, accordingly, the feed efficiency of the electron beam cold hearth can be improved, the application range of the feed system can be expanded, and the problem of feed limitation on existing electron beam cold hearths can be effectively solved.