The invention discloses a colored three-dimensional object layering printing method and a colored three-dimensional printing system. The method comprises the steps that a colored three-dimensional object is subjected to layering treatment for obtaining a plurality of layered objects, and the multiple layered objects are analyzed, so that sintering control data and color control data are generated;then a layer of powder is laid, coloring is conducted according to the color control data, and the powder is sintered according to the sintering control data so that printing of one of the layered objects can be completed; and finally, the above steps are repeated until printing of the multiple layered objects is completed, and a colored three-dimensional solid model is formed. The colored three-dimensional solid model can be effectively formed through the method. In addition, due to the fact that a laser sintering technology is adopted, the generated colored three-dimensional solid model hasquite high strength.