The invention discloses a 10 kV overhead line branch presetting device, which comprises an insulation box and an insulation box driving device, wherein the insulation box is formed by an upper box body and a lower box body; the upper box body and the lower box body are in sliding connection through a connection device; the upper box body is provided with a power cable wire incoming end; the upperbox body is internally provided with static contacts; the static contacts are connected with the power cable wire incoming end through a static contact connection conductive component; the lower box body is provided with a power cable wire outgoing end; the lower box body is internally provided with moving contacts matched with the static contacts; the moving contacts are connected with the powercable wire outgoing end through a moving contact connection conductive component; and the insulation box driving device drives the lower box body to move relatively to the upper box body through the connection device. The requirements of operation without power failure of the modern power distribution network can be met, large area power failure and long time power failure caused by a single operation can be avoided, the personal safety of a worker can also be ensured, wire connection and power transmission are safe and reliable, and the operation is simple and convenient.